ืงื•ืœืื–' ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, ืขื ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘
ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื: ืคืขื ืœืขื™ืŸ, ืคืขื ืœืฉื‘ื‘
ืžืชื ื” ืœื’ื‘ืจ: ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœื™ื”
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืชื ืš ืขื ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื”
ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื "ืš ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื ื ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื
ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืš ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืื—ืช, ื‘ืœื‘ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“
ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื•ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•
ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืขื ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื: ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ ืขื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ
ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืกื•ืฃ ืขื ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื "ืš ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ 14 ืงืจืื˜
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืš ืขื ืชืคืก ืžื—ื•ืจืฅ ื•ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ - ื ื ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื
ืžืชื ื” ืœื’ื‘ืจ: ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ ืขื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื›"ื’ ืžืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื”
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, ื•ื”ืชื ืš ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื–
ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš: ืฉื‘ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื” - ื ื ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ - ื“ื’ื ื—ื•ื ื™

ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ - ื“ื’ื ื—ื•ื ื™

52-510-100-32-P1

ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, "ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ", ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–. ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืก"ืž, ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ 24 ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื ืš: ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื ืš ืฉื‘ื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™990 โ‚ช
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ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื.
990 โ‚ช 891 โ‚ช
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื ยท ื”ื—ืœืคื” 30 ื™ื•ื
ื‘ื—ืจื• ืกื•ื’ ืžืชื›ืช
ื‘ื—ืจื• ืื•ืจืš ืฉืจืฉืจืช

ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ - ื“ื’ื ื—ื•ื ื™

ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, "ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ", ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–. ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืก"ืž, ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ 24 ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื ืš: ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื ืš ืฉื‘ื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.

  • ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื
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  • ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
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  • ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—
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ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื: ืคืขื ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื‘, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืื—ืช

โ™ฆ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ - ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืงื•ื˜ืจื• - 3.2 ืก"ืž. ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• - 3.8 ืก"ืž (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืœื•ืœืื”).

ย โ™ฆ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ืžื–ื”ื‘ 14 ืงืจืื˜ ืฆื”ื•ื‘, ืœื‘ืŸ ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื–ื”ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ 10 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—.
โ™ฆ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื”ืชื ืš ื‘ืกืžืœ ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื”. ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ 'ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš'. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ 'ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš' ื›ื•ืœืœ 13 ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ื” 1. ื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืื—ื“' ื”ื™ื ื” 13, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืื”ื‘ื”' ื•ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืœื ืชื ืื™'.

โ™ฆ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ืชื ืš ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ (ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืงื”). ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ืชื ืš ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื ืคื™ืœื” ืžื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ืžื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื—ืฉืฉ.
โ™ฆ ื ื ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืฆืช ืืช ื”ืชื ืš ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ืฉืชืจื›ืฉื• ืืฆืœื™ื ื• ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื.
โ™ฆ ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื”ื•ื 0.5*0.5 ืก"ืž. ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ 24 ืกื™ืคืจื™ ื”ืชื ืš (ืชื•ืจื”, ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื).
โ™ฆ ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืงื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืขืจื”.
โ™ฆ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื”ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
โ™ฆ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ืžืฆื•ืจืคื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื•ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
โ™ฆ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืงื•ืคืกืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ืืจื•ื– ืœืžืชื ื”.
โ™ฆ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื” ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืžื™ื•ื—ื“


ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

  1. ืžื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“?ย ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ 24 ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื ืš. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื: ืคืขื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืคืขื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื‘.

  2. ื”ืื ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื?ย ื›ืŸ. ื›ืกืฃ 925 ื•ื–ื”ื‘ 14 ืงืจืื˜ ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงืœื— ื•ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืฉืฉ.

  3. ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื ืš ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืฆ'ื™ืค?ย ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืฉื•ืจ 1, ื™ืคื• ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืžื˜ืœื•ืจื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ 1000, ื•ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืš ืฉืœื›ื. ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื’ื ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชื ืš ื›ื•ืœื•.

  4. ืื™ื–ื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ? ื›"ื’ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ". ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆ'ื™ืค, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื.

  5. ื‘ืžื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืขื ืชื ืš ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช?ย ื”ืฆ'ื™ืค ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง, ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืคื• ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืžื˜ืœื•ืจื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ 1000, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื”.

  6. ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช?ย ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ื ื ื• ืชื ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืกืง ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืžืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื“ืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื.

  7. ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืฉืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžืชื ื”?ย ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื ืฉืœื—ืช ื‘ืืจื™ื–ืช ืžืชื ื” ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื ืืงืกืคืจืก ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื. ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืœืื™, ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ 10 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื.

  8. ืœืžื” ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘, ื•ืื™ืš ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื•?ย ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ืืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ 24 ื”ืกืคืจื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื ืงื™, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ื’ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ืคื“ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.

ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜

ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ื•ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืœ, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื, ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–. ืฉื, ื‘ืœื‘ ืคืจื— ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืก"ืž ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ 24 ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื ืš. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื: ืคืขื ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืคืขื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื‘, ืœืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื.

ย 

ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, ื›"ื’ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืื”ื•ื‘: ืจื•ืขื”, ื ืื•ืช ื“ืฉื, ืžื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš. ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘. ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืš ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”, ื•ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืฉื•ืจ 1, ื™ืคื• ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืžื˜ืœื•ืจื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ 1000.

ย 

ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจืื” ื ืงื™, ืฉืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืžื›ื•ืคืชืจืช ืื• ื˜ื™ืฉืจื˜. ื–ื• ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื•, ืœืื‘ื ืฉืžื–ืžื–ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”.

ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืกืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื ืš ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืกืชืชืจ ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.

ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื”ืžืืฉืจืช ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ื ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ืžืœื ื—ืจื•ื˜.

ื–ืžื ื™ ืืกืคืงื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช. ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื ืขื“ 10 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื–ืžื ื” 400 ืฉ"ื—), ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื”ื™ืจ ืชื•ืš 3 ื™ืžื™ื, ืืงืกืคืจืก ืชื•ืš 48 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช. ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืคืฉืจื™. ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—.

ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื—ื•"ืœ

ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ืขื ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœืชื•. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืขืœ 3,000 ืฉ"ื— ืื™ื ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืืจื™ื–ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช. ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืœื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.

ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื” / ื”ื—ืœืคื”

ืื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื?
ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืš: ื–ื”ื‘ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ 14K, ื–ื”ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ 14K, ื•ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื’ื ื–ื”ื‘ 18K. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืกืฃ ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื ื’ 925, ื›ืกืฃ ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื ื’ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื–ื”ื‘ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ 14K, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื’ืžื™ ืคืœื“ืช ืืœ-ื—ืœื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ, ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชืงื ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื?
ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืžืชื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ื–ื”ื‘ 14K ื•18K ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื ื’ 925 ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืœื ื ื™ืงืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืจืง ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ืชื ืดืš ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ.

ื”ืื ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืชืžืช?
ื›ืŸ. ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื.

ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ืขืžื™ื“?
ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ื ื ื• ืชื โ€ืš ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ื—ืจื˜ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื•ื“ืคืก, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื‘, ืื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ืืš ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ืงืจ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช. ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืžื’ื‘ื•ืŸ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช.

ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืคื™ ืœืฆื“ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืœื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืฉืื™ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื”?
ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื›ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืืš ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ืืชื™.

ืœืžื” ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื”?
ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื ื• ืชื โ€ืš, ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืคื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจ.

ื”ืื ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืื—ืจืื™?
ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช.
ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื?
ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืืฆืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•, ืฉื ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื ื• ืชื "ืš. ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ืชื ืดืš: ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืง ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื. ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืžื™ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ืฆื—ื™ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.

ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ื›ืฉ/ืช ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ื ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื?
ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ื ื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืฉืœื ื• NANO, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆืณื™ืค ื—ืจื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืดืš ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•. ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื•ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื•.

ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช?
ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžืงื•ืจ, ื”ืžืืฉืจืช ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ 24 ืกื™ืคืจื™ ื”ืชื "ืš.
ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืดืš ื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื‘ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื˜ืŸ?
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื ืดืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื ื ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.5 ืกืดืž ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื‘?
ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืขืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”ื ื ื• ืชื โ€ืš ื ืจืื” ืชื—ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืžื˜ืœื•ืจื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ 1000. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืงืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื–ื•ื™ื ืช, ืืš ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื‘ ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช?
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื”.

ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช?
ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช 10-17 ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ 10-15. ืื ืชืฉืœื—ื• ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื”, ื ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจ?
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ืžื™ื, ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืื• ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœืš.

ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”?
ืื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืฉืืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื•ืื ื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ืš ืขื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช.
ืžื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื?
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื™/ื” ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœืชื•. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืกืงื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืชื•ืš 14 ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืขืœ 3000 ืฉ"ื— ืื™ื ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืืจื™ื–ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช. ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืœื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.

ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช?
ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™, ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื— ืžื˜ืขืžื ื• โ€“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืขืงื‘ ื“ืจืš ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืชื ื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืš.

ืื™ืš ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช?
ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื“ื’ื ืื—ืจ ืื• ืœืกื•ื’ ืžืชื›ืช ืฉื•ื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื˜ืกืืค ืื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื• ื ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœืคื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœืš.
ืื™ืœื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื?
ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืŸ ืืงืกืคืจืก, ืžืกื˜ืจื›ืืจื“, ื•ื•ื™ื–ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืฉืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ื™ืคืืœ. ื›ืœ ืขืกืงื” ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื‘ื ืง.

ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœื™?
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœืš ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžืขื“ื›ื ืช ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—.

ืžื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื•ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืืกืคืงื”?
ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจ/ื™:
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื โ€“ ืขื“ 10 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื (ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืขืœ 400 โ‚ช)
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื”ื™ืจ โ€“ ืขื“ 3 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืงืกืคืจืก โ€“ ืขื“ 48 ืฉืขื•ืช
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืคืจื™ืžื™ื•ื โ€“ ืขื“ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฆืžื™ โ€“ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืืฉ
ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืดืœ โ€“ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืื• ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช.
ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—, ืืš ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ืš.

ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื?
ื›ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืขืœ 400 ืฉ"ื— ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10 ื™ืžื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื™ื ื, ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืืงืกืคืจืก ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื.
ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื?
ื›ืŸ. ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื ื ื• ืชื โ€ืš ื”ื ืžืชื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื• ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ?
ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ืื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”?
ื›ืŸ. ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ืš ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืžืกืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืžืชื ื”?
ื›ืŸ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืžืกืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืจื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช?
ื›ืŸ. ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืžืชื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืชื•ื’, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžืชื ื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืงืคื“ืช.
ืžื” ืžืฉืš ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช?
ื›ืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืคื’ืžื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื™?
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”, ื•ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”. ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืกืงืืœื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ื”. ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื™ ISO ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ืžืžื™ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืื ืื™ื ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื—/ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื–ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื”.

ืื™ืœื• ืื•ืจื›ื™ ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื?
ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืื•ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”: 42 ืกืดืž, 45 ืกืดืž, 50 ืกืดืž ื•60 ืกืดืž. ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช?
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื›ืฃ ื™ื“. ื”ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื•ืงืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžื”, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืžืจืืฉ.

ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ื”?
ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืขืช, ืฆืžื™ื“ ืื• ืฉืจืฉืจืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื•ืื ื• ื ืกืคืง ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ืชืื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.

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